I would like to learn about solar energy and how I can make some panels for my home, of course with in a reasonable budget. My goal is to be able to run a refrigerator and fan off of battery. Any ideas out there?
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You will need about $ 15,000 worth of collectors to charge up enough two volt batteries to use the electricity.
The actual collector itself is constructed like a circuit board – substrate, photovoltaic chemicals in layers, and etched lines for conductivity. I don’t know of anybody doing that on a DIY basis unless they have a degree in it, much less that the step by step instructions are even available. Too many companies hoard the knowledge under proprietary agreements – it’s how they make their living.
But you can buy stuff from them, with enough cash.
Current solar technology for home use is too expensive and inefficient. It would take about 30 years of electric bills to pay off solar panels you installed today, and by that time their efficiency would be close to zero. You could look into solar thermal tech (1st link) which uses mirrors to focus sunlight on an overhead pipe filled with liquid. That heats to a boil and the steam is used to drive a turbine to produce electricity. Conceivably you could build one yourself but you’d need a lot of time and skills most of us lack.
You can build a small solar charger to recharge AA batteries and the like, using just a solar-powered yard light. There is at least one detailed plan for this at instructablesdotcom. Even then, it would take all day (on a sunny day) to charge the batteries. New photovoltaic makers claim efficiencies of 22-80% but that seems unlikely.