I was wondering exactly how the heat of the Earth is transferred to the water…
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Conduction.
The hot magma within the Earth touches trapped water underground. As the water is trapped it can be heated to above its boining point.
If a hotter object is touching a cooler object they will come into equilibrium over time.
Touch the outside of your coffee mug and you’ll see what I mean.
You first need a layer of rock that water travels through. As the Water is traveling through the rock it gets super heated by either extreme pressure or hot hot rock, can be magma or other unknown. We call this the “heat source”. Now don’t be misinformed it stays liquid even though it can get above 300 degrees F, because of pressure. Read about the Charles and Boyle’s law to find out more.
Now the problem is pumping out this superheated water with out loosing pressure (because it will gas off into steam), then reinjecting it (after you use the heat in it to make electricity) near the heat source to be reheated again.