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{ 3 comments… read them below or add one }
A better question: How to turn lead into gold.
The most straight-forward way using off-the-shelf products is to obtain an inverter that converts the DC output of the solar panel to 120V AC (or rather to the voltage system of your country), and then plug the phone AC charger into that. However, most chargers are smart chargers and work better if they have a constant source of power applied. If a cloud were to shade your solar panel briefly, the smart charger might lose power, then start over when the sunshine returned. To prevent that, you could go with a setup whereby the solar panel charged a battery (via a charge controller), and an inverter connected to the battery then supplied the phone AC charger.
A less expensive approach would be to obtain a DC phone charger (say one for 12VDC automotive use) and power that from a 12V battery that is charged by the solar panel.
If your sunshine is constant (no clouds), you could use a 12V solar panel to directly power the automotive DC phone charger, except you probably should probably limit the voltage to no more than 14.8VDC. A 12VDC solar panel, when unloaded and in bright sunshine, can develop voltages in the 18-21VDC range. So some form of voltage regulation (to reduce it to the 12-14.8VDC range) is needed. A 3-terminal voltage regulator such as a LM7812 could be used.
It would however be much cheaper and easier to purchase an existing one, for example, http://qrky.co/nE7YPS can charge any USB device.